Tuesday, August 20, 2019
Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Essay
Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams â€Å"Symbols are nothing but the natural speech of drama†¦the purest language of plays.†Once, quoted as having said this, Tennessee Williams has certainly used symbolism and colour extremely effectively in his play, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’. A moving story about fading Southern belle Blanche DuBois and her lapse into insanity, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ contains much symbolism and clever use of colour. This helps the audience to link certain scenes and events to the themes and issues that Williams presents within the play, such as desire and death, and the conflict between the old America and the new. Scene Three is one of the pivotal scenes of the play. That Williams thought of it in this way is indicated by his choice of the title ‘The Poker Party’ for the third version of the play. The scene begins with extremely explicit stage directions, and one will note that Williams intends the stage to be full of bright, vivid colours - to signify the coarseness and directness of the poker players and their surroundings. The yellow linoleum, the bright green glass shade, the blue red and green of the men’s shirts - all are colourful and contrasting, and this is indicative that they are impervious to subtlety and ambiguity, two of Blanche’s key characteristics. She is usually seen wearing whites and pinks, and looking very soft and feminine. This will, on stage, contrast oddly with the colour and brightness around her. Williams uses this technique of colour to signify Blanche’s inability to fit in with her surroundings. However, she is also seen in differe nt colours, symbolic of what she is doing at that moment. She is usually seen in white, indicative of the purity she claims to possess. At other instances, she is dressed in a scarlet silk robe, when she is flirting with Stanley and Mitch. This is suggestive of a ‘scarlet woman’, and draws the audience’s attention to Blanche’s fatal flaw. When on stage together, Blanche’s frilly, dainty clothes are in sharp contrast with Stanley’s greasy seersucker pants, or his vivid green bowling shirt. Blanche herself is symbolic of the old, genteel South, while Stanley epitomises the new generation of working-class Americans; this clash is cleverly brought out by their contrasting costumes. It is also interesting to note that in Scene Eleven, Blanche is dressed in ... ... all the games. Blanche’s fear of bright light is symbolic of her fear of being exposed for who she really is, and her incessant bathing is almost like a ritual cleansing of sins that she can never really purge. Her inability to use the telephone to contact Shep Huntleigh and Mitch is also indicative of her inability to communicate with the other people in her world, which is partly the reason for her subsequent insanity. Few playwrights use symbolism as extensively as Tennessee Williams, and even fewer use it as effectively as he. Even in ‘The Glass Menagerie’ he uses Laura’s collection of glass figurines as symbols, giving insight into her multi-faceted character, and her delicate, fanciful ways. The fate of the unicorn is also a smaller-scale version of her fate at the end of the play. Williams is fully aware of the fact that plays are meant to be staged. His themes and issues are complex, so he uses symbols and colours to highlight events and important issues, thus helping his audience. Looking deeply into his play, we see that not only is ‘A Streetcar Names Desire’ full of symbolism, the play itself is symbolic of the clashes between Old and New, the Past and the Present.
Monday, August 19, 2019
Crocs Value Chain Essay -- Business, Manufacturing, Footwear
Crocs Value Chain Crocs entered the shoe market with a new style of brightly colored footwear. Crocs designed and manufactured footwear for all age groups. Utilizing an innovative value chain supported the phenomenal growth of the company. This paper will discuss the company’s leadership, flexible supply chain and product diversification and how these aspects contribute to the overall value chain of the company. The Beginning Crocs began in 2002 by introducing a revolutionary boat shoe. The shoes became successful very quickly and the company founders decided to work with an old friend, Ronald Snyder, who had experience in manufacturing, purchasing companies, and merging the purchased companies (Crocs: Revolutionizing, 2007). One of Snyder’s initial decisions was to buyout the Canadian shoe manufacturer, Finproject NA. Completing this purchase allowed Crocs to control the proprietary material for the shoes. By owning the raw material to manufacture the shoes, Crocs controlled the initial step of the value chain. Once Crocs owned the formula for the shoe resin, the company used this to select contract manufacturers for making the shoes. Crocs were now manufacturing shoes in the original Canada plant as well as a Chinese manufacturing facility. Once the facility in China was established Crocs entered the foreign market. After entering the markets in Asia and China Crocs extended capacity with new contract manufacturers in Florida, Mexico, and Italy (Crocs: Revolutionizing, 2007). The addition of these sites provided a global supply chain which lowered costs and ensured value to consumers (Marks, 2008). A new supply vision The creative supply chain used by Crocs meant the manufacturers of the footwear had to... ...ears, the Crocs model has not proven as effective. Crocs has changed the strategy to accommodation the lower product volumes (Gonzales, 2009). Crocs should evaluate their organizational processes. Some of the processes once utilized by Crocs are no longer as effective. Management must work towards better demand forecasting, collaborating with value chain members, and how to best evaluate performance (Robbins and Coulter, 2009). By integrating all three of these items Crocs will adjust the value chain to support continued success. Finally, Crocs must have enough forward thought to sustain market changes and utilize feedforward control to prevent future problems. The leadership, flexible supply chain and diversification discussed here can still be employed for long term success as long as Crocs is willing to continuously evaluate the current value chain.
Sunday, August 18, 2019
Federal Reserve :: Economics
The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States. It was created by Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible and more stable monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve was created on December 23, 1913, with the signing of the Federal Reserve Act by President Woodrow Wilson. Today, the Federal Reserve’s duties fall into four general areas:conducting the nation’s monetary policy by influencing money and credit conditions in the economy in pursuit of full employment and stable prices, regulating banking institutions to ensure the safety of the nation’s banking and financial system and to protect the credit rights of consumers, maintaining the stability of the financial system and providing certain financial services to the U.S. government, to the public, to financial institutions and to foreign official institutions.           The structure of the Federal Reserve was designed by Congress to give it a broad perspective on the economy and on economic activity in all parts of the nation. It is composed of a central government agency(Board of Governors) in Washington D.C., 12 regional Reserve Banks, located in major cities around the nation.                The Federal Reserve’s income comes from the interest on U.S. government securities that it has acquired through open market operations. Other sources of income are the interest on foreign currency investments. Once the Federal Reserve has paid its expenses, it then turns over the rest of its earnings to the U.S. Federal Reserve :: Economics The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States. It was created by Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible and more stable monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve was created on December 23, 1913, with the signing of the Federal Reserve Act by President Woodrow Wilson. Today, the Federal Reserve’s duties fall into four general areas:conducting the nation’s monetary policy by influencing money and credit conditions in the economy in pursuit of full employment and stable prices, regulating banking institutions to ensure the safety of the nation’s banking and financial system and to protect the credit rights of consumers, maintaining the stability of the financial system and providing certain financial services to the U.S. government, to the public, to financial institutions and to foreign official institutions.           The structure of the Federal Reserve was designed by Congress to give it a broad perspective on the economy and on economic activity in all parts of the nation. It is composed of a central government agency(Board of Governors) in Washington D.C., 12 regional Reserve Banks, located in major cities around the nation.                The Federal Reserve’s income comes from the interest on U.S. government securities that it has acquired through open market operations. Other sources of income are the interest on foreign currency investments. Once the Federal Reserve has paid its expenses, it then turns over the rest of its earnings to the U.S.
Saturday, August 17, 2019
The Voice of Reason
At the end of William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, Lord Capulet and Lord Montague decide to make peace. Lord Montague promises to raise a gold statue of Juliet and Lord Capulet vows to do the same for Romeo. By this point in the story, there is no doubt that the families will keep their word. However, one is left thinking whether the peace will last or not. The deaths of Mercutio, Tybalt, Juliet and Romeo were all caused by the feud between the two families, yet it took Juliet’s death, combined with Romeo’s to end the feud.The lives that were lost might be enough to maintain harmony between them for a long time, maybe forever. The Prince is the voice of reason in Romeo and Juliet. He was the one who forbade the Capulet’s and the Montague’s from fighting in the streets because they would disturb the peace. Either way, Mercutio and Tybalt died, resulting in the banishment of Romeo. However, while the Prince tried to maintain the peace, he never qui te laid down the law with the battling families. It’s like they say, if you can’t see it, it’s not there.Once the Capulet’s and the Montague’s were battling in full view of the people of Verona, the Prince just couldn’t ignore it anymore. Yet what he did had no impact on the families whatsoever. Threats didn’t scare them. So they continued hating each other. â€Å"Where be these enemies? /Capulet! Montague! /See, what a scourge is laid upon your hate,/That heaven finds means to kill your joys with love. /And I for winking at your discords too/Have lost a brace of kinsmen: all are punish'd. †(V. 3. 291-296) . In this quote, the prince is berating himself for doing almost nothing about the feud.He exclaims that because of their hatred for each other, the heavens punished them by taking their children, Juliet and Romeo. Finally understanding the horrors the feud had created, Lord Capulet and Lord Montague make amends to each other by agreeing to end the feud and raising gold statues in honor of Romeo and Juliet‘s deaths. â€Å"Capulet: O brother Montague, give me thy hand: This is my daughter’s jointure, for no more Can I demand. Montague: But I can give thee more:For I will raise her statue in pure gold;That while Verona by that name is known,There shall no figure at such rate be setAs that of true and faithful Juliet.Capulet: As rich shall Romeo's by his lady's lie;Poor sacrifices of our enmity! †(V. 3. 297-306) For generations to come, the story of Romeo and Juliet will be passed down from Capulet to Montague to Capulet, maintaining the peace and uniting the families. Maybe there will be another Montague who falls in love with a Capulet and maybe this time, the ending will be a happy one. As the Prince mournfully states â€Å" Some shall be pardon'd, and some punished:For never was a story of more woeThan this of Juliet and her Romeo. †(V. 3. 308-310)
Friday, August 16, 2019
Grief Therapy: Nature and application Essay
Introduction            Bereavement is viewed as a normal part of human experience and considered as well as a vital aspect to the human state. Many of those who experience the loss of a loved one receive support and care from significant others and friends. A marginal number of bereaved people face critical and at times lasting consequences while the rest of the majority manages to prevail over their grief in the course of time. Those who find this time of bereavement and mourning incapacitating therefore need professional therapeutic help (Corr, 1999). A lot of those Psychotherapeutic interventions for bereavement differ extensively, and comprise individual and group techniques. Among the numerous intervention programs which were devised to diminish the anguish and distress connected with mourning is grief therapy and has been reviewed for its effectiveness. This paper outlines the use of grief therapy, the statistics surrounding its use, such as how prevalent grief therapy is, the populations which utilize it and to what degree it helps resolve issues and other relevant matters to grief therapy. Discussion            Who uses grief therapy? Social worker Dennis M. Reilly states, â€Å"We do not necessarily need a whole new profession of . . . bereavement counselors. We do need more thought, sensitivity, and activity concerning this issue on the part of the existing professional groups; that is, clergy, funeral directors, family therapists, nurses, social workers and physicians†(Worden 1991, p. 5). Trained therapists may be physicians, junior hospital or clinical medical students. Barclay et al (2003) were able to study general practitioners in Wales to ascertain how well prepared they are to care for the dying.  It is likely then that although there are several available professional therapists, with various support groups sprouting these days, help for the sufferer is no longer elusive. Where is grief therapy conducted and in what format? Grief therapy by and large is carried out in a constrained area (usually an office setting). These areas may be located in hospitals (for both inpatients and their families and for outpatients), mental health clinics, churches, synagogues, chemical dependency inpatient and out-patient programs, schools, universities, funeral home aftercare programs, employee assistance programs, and programs that serve chronically ill or terminally ill persons. Additional sites might include adult or juvenile service locations for criminal offenders. Private practice (when a counselor or therapist works for herself) is another opportunity to provide direct client services (Barclay et al., 2003).  When Is Grief Counseling or Therapy Needed? Based on studies by many experts, including John Jordan, grief counseling and grief therapy techniques are put to test and redesigned by new research. In their article published in the journal Death Studies, Selby Jacobs, Carolyn Mazure, and Holly Prigerson state, â€Å"The death of a family member or intimate exposes the afflicted person to a higher risk for several types of psychiatric disorders. These include major depressions, panic disorders, generalized anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorders; and increased alcohol use and abuse†(Jacobs, Mazure, and Prigerson 2000, p. 185). They encourage the development of a new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) category entitled â€Å"Traumatic Grief,†which would facilitate early detection and intervention for those bereaved persons affected by this disorder. Researcher Phyllis Silverman is concerned that messages dealing with the resolution of grief, especially a new category entitled â€Å"Traumatic Grief,†may do more harm to the mourner. She states, â€Å"If this initiative succeeds (‘Traumatic Grief’), it will have serious repercussions for how we consider the bereavedâ€â€they become persons who are suffering from a psychiatric diagnose or a condition eligible for reimbursed services from mental health professionals†(Silverman 2001). She feels the new DSM category may help provide the availability of more services, but believes it is important to consider what it means when predictable, expected aspects of the life cycle experience are called â€Å"disorders†that require expert care. When one thinks of grief counselors and grief therapists one is again reminded that grief and bereavement is a process, not an event. How do persons cope and adapt? Grief counseling or grief therapy intervention can be useful at any point in the grief process, before and/or after a death.  Grief counseling and therapy do not only begin after death. Then again, is this actually accurate? According to clinician, researcher and writer Therese Rando, Anticipatory grief is the phenomenon encompassing the process of mourning, coping, interaction, planning, and psychosocial reorganization that are stimulated and begun in part in response to the awareness of the impending loss of a loved one and the recognition of associated losses in the past, present, and future. It is seldom explicitly recognized, but the truly therapeutic experience of anticipatory grief mandates a delicate balance among the mutually conflicting demands of simultaneously holding onto, letting go of, and drawing closer to the dying patient. (Rando 2000, p. 29) Based also on in-depth studies made by Schut and Stroebe, grief therapy, when applied soon after bereavement may not alleviate but instead render therapy ineffective or else even interfere with the â€Å"normal†grieving manner (p.141,2005).. These scholars further say â€Å"intervention is more effective for those with more complicated forms of grief.†This is further confirmed from expert psychotherapist-researcher Worden who believes grief therapy is most proper in conditions that fall into three types: (1) The complicated grief reaction is manifested as prolonged grief; (2) the grief reaction manifests itself through some masked somatic or behavioral symptom; or (3) the reaction is manifested by an exaggerated grief response. People experiencing this kind of bereavement may not be that easy to recognize hence diagnostic techniques are crucial tools for the practitioner (Zisook, 2000). Grief therapy is not for everyone and is not a â€Å"cure†for the grieving process, Worden concludes.  Recent investigations as to the efficacy of therapy or interventions were made in response to criticisms made a decade ago by Robak (p.701-702, 1999). He held that the bereavement research field failed to provide empirical studies on psychotherapy and counseling. According to Schut and Stroebe (p.142), researchers must determine that the psychological remedies or therapies for bereaved persons have been demonstrated to be successful in controlled research with a delineated population. However, in the area of grief counseling and therapy, â€Å"†¦well-established interventions (i.e. those well-described and transferable, with treatment manual, tested, replicated and found effective, and accompanied by indications and counter-indications) are not available. This is largely based on stringent criteria adopted for efficacy studies (p.143). This implies that sources for the use of grief therapy, its efficacy and who practices this treatment program is therefore limited. As Schut and Stroebe (p.146) declare â€Å" †¦ although small steps in the right direction are now being taken, this fundamental message still holds; to create a body of sound scientific knowledge , the research agenda for the future must expand the number of well-designed and executed empirical studies on the efficacy of bereavement intervention. Synthesis and Conclusion                                               There is a major new †Report on Bereavement and Grief Research†made by the Center for the Advancement of Health which settled, †A growing body of evidence indicates that interventions with adults who are not experiencing complicated grief cannot be regarded as beneficial in terms of diminishing grief-related symptoms.†The report indicated that there is very little support for the effectiveness of interventions like crisis teams that call on family members within hours of a loss, self-help groups that seek to foster friendships, efforts to show the bereaved ways to work through grief and a host of other therapeutic approaches believed to help the bereaved (The New York Times, Oct.9, 2006). Counseling and therapy are opportunities for those who seek support to help move from only coping to being transformed by the lossâ€â€to find a new â€Å"normal†in their lives and to know that after a loved one dies one does not remove that person from his or her life, but rather learns to develop a new relationship with the person now that he or she has died. In A Time to Grieve: Mediations for Healing after the Death of a Loved One (1994) the writer Carol Crandall states, â€Å"You don’t heal from the loss of a loved one because time passes; you heal because of what you do with the time†(Staudacher 1994, p. 92). Even when bereavement therapy is needed, however, the benefit may depend on the approach used. For example, most bereavement groups focus on emotional issues. These are most helpful to women. But men tend to grieve differently, and they are more likely to benefit from an approach that focuses on their processes of thinking. Caring friends and relatives often coax those who have just suffered the loss of a loved one to seek professional help, either by taking part in a bereavement group or through individual psychotherapy. But Dr. Robert A. Neimeyer, professor of psychology at the University of Memphis, editor of the scientific journal Death Studies and chairman of the committee that prepared the new report, said in an interview: †Not everyone requires the same thing. Dealing with grief is not a ‘one size fits all’ proposition.†Moreover, Dr. George Bonanno, psychologist at Columbia’s Teachers College, has found that the bereaved who naturally avoid emotions should not be forced to confront grief. Even three years later, such people show no traumatic consequences as a result of suppressing it, he reported. In more than half the cases, Dr. Neimeyer explained, far more useful than therapy to the bereaved are the empathy and emotional and physical support that friends, relatives and caring people in the neighborhood and at work can provide in the first weeks and months after a death. Only when grieving is †complicated† intense and protracted, associated with deep unrelieved depression and interfering with normal enjoyments, life tasks or an ability to work  is there a clear-cut need for grief therapy, Dr. Neimeyer said. Dr. Hansson of Tulsa observes that many people who experience complicated grief have neither faced their losses nor allowed themselves to work through the emotions that naturally ensue. If, months down the road, a bereaved person is still grieving intensely, therapy should be sought, Dr. Neimeyer said. Among the hallmarks of complicated grief he listed are †intrusive thoughts about the deceased, recurrent images of how the person died, a continual quest to reconnect with the deceased, corrosive loneliness, feeling purposeless and empty, difficulty believing the death ever happened and feeling that the world cannot be trusted. Treating people with these symptoms is important because their unresolved grief can have serious, even life-threatening health consequences, including high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack, substance abuse and suicide. †Such people can literally die of a broken heart,†Dr. Neimeyer said.   Perhaps the most revealing study of the varying courses of bereavement was undertaken by Dr. Bonanno, Dr. Camille B. Wortman, a psychologist at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and six co-authors. They evaluated 1,532 people (all married, with at least one partner of each couple over age 65), then followed them for up to eight years. When a spouse died, they assessed the bereavement experiences of the widow or widower over time. This is what they found: 1) Forty-six percent of the survivors were †resilient.†They experienced transitory distress, but scored low in depression both before the death and at 6 and 18 months after losing their spouses. 2) Eleven percent followed a common grief course, with rather severe depression at 6 months that had largely disappeared by 18 months. 3) Sixteen percent, who were not initially depressed, nonetheless were devastated afterward, experiencing prolonged depression. 4) Eight percent were chronically depressed beforehand, with the depression worsened by the death. 5)But 10 percent who had been depressed before the death did very well afterward, perhaps because they had been in bad marriages or were relieved from the burdens of taking care of ill spouses. 6) The remaining 9 percent did not fit into any category. , people may require very different therapy or no therapy at all.† The available evidence therefore, points out that interventions for individuals at risk for complications of bereavement may result in some benefit for a short while. However, the findings are inconsistent and they vary based on the factors such as the gender of participants and whether they were first screened before participating in the studies, which appears to increase the likelihood that the interventions would be successful (e.g. Schut et al., 2001). The concepts of complicated grief are fairly recent in bereavement research and this is the reason that no controlled studies exist that pertains directly to its treatment (Jacobs & Prigerson, 2000, p.479). References Casarett D, Kutner JS, Abrahm J, et al: Life after death: a practical approach togrief and bereavement. Ann Intern Med 134 (3): 208-15, 2001. Corr, Charles A. â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and Death: Myths, Realities and Challenges.†Death Studies 23 (1999): 443–463. Bonano GA, Boerner C, Wortman B.: resilient or at Risk? A 4-year study of Older Adults Who initially Showed High or Low Distress following Conjugal Loss. J. Gerontol B. Psychol.Sci.Soc. Sci, March 1, 2005; 60(2):p67-p73. Hansson R., Stroebe M: Grief, Older Adulthood. In: Gullota T, bloom M (eds): Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention & health promotion. New York: Plenum, 2003, pp.515-521. Jacobs S & Prigerson H. (2000) .Psychotherapy of traumatic grief: a review of evidence for psychotherapeutic treatments. Death Studies, 24, 479-495. Jacobs, Shelby, Carolyn Mazure, and Holly Prigerson. â€Å"Diagnostic Criteria for Traumatic Grief.†Death Studies 24 (2000):185–199. Neimeyer R. (2000).Searching for the meaning of meanings: grief therapy and the process of reconstruction. Death Studies,24:531-558. Neimeyer, Robert. Lessons of Loss: A Guide to Coping. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998. Rando, Therese A. Clinical Dimensions of Anticipatory Mourning. Champaign, IL: Research Press, 2000. Rando TA: Treatment of Complicated Mourning. Champaign: Research Press, 1993. Schut H, Stroebe M, van den Bout J, & Terheggen M, (2001). The efficacy of bereavement interventions: Determining who benefits. In Stroebe, M et al.eds., Handbook of bereavement: consequences, coping, and care. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, pp. 705-737. Schucter SR, Zisook S: Treatment of spousal bereavement: a multidimensional approach. Psychiatr Ann 16 (5): 295-306, 1986. Staudacher, Carol. A Time to Grieve: Mediations for Healing after the Death of a Loved One. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1994. Stroebe, Margaret, and Henk Schut. â€Å"The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement: Rationale and Description.†Death Studies 23 (1999):197–224. Worden JW: Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1991. The New York Times, Oct.9,2006 Zisook S & Schuchter S. (2001). Treatment of the depressions of bereavement. American Behavioral Scientist, 44(5);782-797. Zisook S: Understanding and managing bereavement in palliative care. In: Chochinov HM, Breitbart W, eds: Handbook of Psychiatry in Palliative Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, pp 321-34.
Thursday, August 15, 2019
Dramatically effective Essay
â€Å"And as I sat many afternoons asking myself why, being an intelligent man, I was so powerless to stop it. I even went to a certain old lady in the neighbourhood, a very wise old woman, and I told her, she only nodded, and said, â€Å"pray for him†¦ †and so I waited her†These are the words we hear from Alfieri after a very peculiar visit from one Eddie Carbone. Following the visit with Alfieri, Eddie’s mood is very tense. It is here where the audience receive a clear indication of Eddie’s feelings towards Catherine. Alfieri says to Eddie that Catherine wants to get married and there’s nothing Eddie can do about it, but adds unless she he wants her to marry him. After hearing this Eddie furiously goes on the defensive and becomes very edgy. He then replies very harshly at Alfieri as if Alfieri is talking absolute rubbish and doesn’t have a clue. Eddie starts going on about all skills which Rodolfo has are not manly. He has difficulty describing his doubts to Alfieri â€Å"The guy aint right†he says and â€Å"you know what I mean†. Miller shows how uncomfortable it is mentioning these things by the stage directions as Eddie twists and turns. Eddie talks about how he welcomed Rodolfo into his house and fed him and given him blankets right from his own bed and passionately say but he’s putting his filthy hands on her meaning Catherine. Just after that he then adds he’s stealing from me Mr Alfieri showing that Eddie thinks a lot of Catherine. He means stealing away something which should be his like Catherine as his lover. He keeps speaking of how he does not like Rodolfo; â€Å"He gives me the heebie-jeebies†, â€Å"I don’t like his whole way†and also hinted at his doubts on Rodolfo’s sexuality; â€Å"He’s like a weird†, â€Å"I just hope that’s his regular hair! †Lastly Alfieri makes a very important speech and says about how God mixes up people and there’s love between them but sometimes there’s too much, whether it’s to a daughter or a niece and the person never realises it but there is too much love for the daughter, there’s too much love for the niece. Eddie pretends not to really understand him and hide behind just caring for her but Alfieri is slyly hinting about Eddie’s feelings for Catherine. Mainly the reason there is conflict between Eddie and Catherine is because of how Eddie is so protective of her. He tells her she is walking wavy and he doesn’t like that, at the same time he also refers to her as a â€Å"Madonna. †This gives the audience the idea that she is pure and she is a virgin and Eddie wants her to stay as she is. After the visit with Alfieri, Eddie gets home where everyone is talking about Rodolfo. Catherine seems very fascinated at everything Rodolfo does because of love, Even if some are the simplest things she is amazed. She acts like a curious child. Eddie notices her interest in Rodolfo’s singing so he quickly silences him. His ability to do this lets him believe that he is in charge in the house. The stage directions show his power because he stands up all the time. She starts of by saying â€Å"They went to Africa once. On a fishing boat. (Eddie then glances at her). Its true, Eddie. †Eddie replies and says he didn’t say they didn’t. The glance at Catherine from Eddie was to say that he really didn’t care what they’ve done, and don’t want to get involved at all if it involves praising Rodolfo. I also found how every time in this section Eddie said something it was always directed at Marco and didn’t really want to talk to Rodolfo, sometimes even ignoring what he said. Eddie just wants to snap and put down anything good Rodolfo does, he seems to be just getting more anxious to tell him to shut up as you go on. Finally when Eddie and Marco are talking about oranges in Italy being painted, Rodolfo adds in how lemons are green. Eddie snaps â€Å"I know lemons are green, for Christ sake, you see them in the store they’re green sometimes. I said oranges they paint; I didn’t say nothing about lemons. †It seems from Eddie’s point of view that Rodolfo is just trying to make Eddie out to be a fool or less of a man. Eddie always seems to mock Rodolfo. They call him a â€Å"canary†and a â€Å"paper doll†. This all leads up to dramatic tension, for example eddies kiss with Catherine at the beginning of act two.
Platos theory of justice Essay
Finding these two phrases, however, is hardly enough to get a clear sense of what justice is. Plato offers two main analogies to examine the definition of justice. The division of parts in the soul as well as the parts of the state; We would now examine the structure of the soul. The soul is divided into three parts, the appetitive, spirited and the rational. By the account of the parts of the soul we are shown how a soul has different wills, yet in order for a soul to stay in the just path it must have some sort of hierarchy. Plato describes the spirited part as the courageous ally of the rational part which has the control over the appetitiveve part. The state is also divided into three types of people, the workers, soldiers and the rulers. It is obvious that that sort of division seems awkward when placed over our own capitalist society. We must keep in mind that in the republic that Plato is describing each individual is directed by vast education and the utmost care towards the work he could do with excellence. The children in the republic are separated from their parents at birth and therefore get the same equal chance of becoming workers or rulers without any prejudice regarding their upbringing or family background, rather, they are evaluated personally, purely according to their natural qualities. The division of people into pre-determined types in the state is assumed to be done truthfully, according to their natural abilities. To soldiers who cannot understand what possessing wisdom means (because they lack it) or to workers that lack both courage and wisdom, Plato uses the â€Å"noble lie†. That is the idea that mother nature creates people out of three materials, gold, silver and bronze when obviously the golden people are fit to rule, the silver are fit to guard and the bronze are best naturally fitted to work. Both the accounts have a similar structure, Plato claims that justice is the same in the soul and in the state. The resemblance suggests that both the workers and the appetitive share the virtue of moderation for they have to be moderate in their desires. Both the guardians and the spirited share the virtue of courage in order to guard the whole. Finally, both the ruler and the rational share the virtue of wisdom in order to control the workers and the appetitive, with the help of the guardians/spirited, all in one goal that is the good of the whole state/soul. What Plato claims is that a king could rule in a just manner, therefore maintain justice, only if he has knowledge of the true form of justice. That is, true knowledge of the forms. The forms represent the ultimate truth, the way things really are in a more knowledgeable sight then the one offered by science. Once acquiring this knowledge of the forms, and only then, can a ruler be fit to rule in a wise manner for he is abl e to truly put the interest of the whole as his own. Thus, ruling in a manner where justice exists and is carefully preserved. In his theory of justice, Plato defines justice in the two ways we have examined earlier. Supporting those definitions by the parts in the state and the soul and their interaction. The way justice should be is shown clearly both in the state and n the soul and then comes the claim regarding the philosopher-king which is the only combination of a ruler that is fit to rule both in the sense of a just state or a just soul. Critical analysis of platos theory of justice: 1.It lays great stress on duties and has no regard for rights. 2.It divides the society into three classes which is impossible now. 3.Platos unity through uniformity is not stable. 4.It is rigid as it is based on functional specialisation and one man one work throughout life. 5.It stands for non-interference but it is impossible for a ruler not to interfer in the affairs of the subject. 6.Platos justice with communism of property and wives ignore the fundamental human psychology.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)