Solar Energy Essays (1618 words) - Renewable Energy,

Sun powered Energy Since the time the beginning of time, the sun has been an asset we can't live or do without, so its not such a stun, that man has concocted the possibility of sun powered vitality. Sun oriented vitality had numerous employments. Some can be perilous and somewhere in the range of, a very significant advantage for the cutting edge world. I. What is sunlight based vitality? A. Who was the first individual to utilize sun powered vitality? B. When was it utilized? C. Where was sunlight based vitality first put to utilize? II. What are a portion of the employments of sun oriented vitality? A. Sun based rooftop 1. Who concocted it? 2. When was it concocted? 3. What was it utilized for? 4. How accomplishes it work? B. Sun based cooker 1. Who developed the first? 2. When was it developed? 3. How can it work? 4. What is it utilized for? C. Sun oriented broiler 1. Who created it? 2. When was it created? 3. What does it resemble? 4. How does it work? III. What are a portion of the threats of sun oriented energy(used today or something else) A. Laser 1. What's going on here? 2. How accomplishes laser work? B. Bright Rays (UV beams) 1. Who found UV beams? 2. When was it found? 3. How is it risky? 4. How might we shield ourselves from this? IV. Determination A. What are a few employments of sun oriented vitality around our family? 1. Show a few models C. Considerations on Solar vitality 1. What we consider sun based vitality 2. Survey results A Crude Resource: Solar Energy and Its Many Uses Ever since the beginning of time, the sun has been an asset we can't live or manage without, so its not such a stun that man has thought of the possibility of sun based vitality. Sunlight based vitality had numerous employments. Some can be hazardous and nearly, a truly significant resource for the cutting edge world. Sun based vitality is vitality gotten from the sun in a type of bright beams. Its was first applied to use in 212 B.C., by the Greek virtuoso Archimedes. Sun based vitality was utilized to safeguard the habor of Syracuse against the Roman armada. Archimedes utilized a mirror or consuming mirror as they had called it, to set fire to the boats of the Roman armadas while remaining on shore (McDaniels 83). It wasn't until 1615 when Salomon de Caux built the primary sun oriented gadget; a sunlight based motor. His gadget was made of glass focal points, supporting edge, and an impermeable metal vessel containing water and air. This created a little water wellspring when the air warmed up during activity. This was viewed as additional of a toy than a gadget, yet it was the main distributed record of the utilization of sun oriented vitality since the fall of the Roman Empire (Cheremisinoff 1). Some other utilization of sun oriented vitality after that was the sun oriented rooftop and the sun based broiler. The sun based rooftop was concocted by Harold Hay. In a sun oriented rooftop framework, water is contained in an unmistakable plastic sack and it is set on a dark metal rooftop. Roughage got the thought while going in India on a specialized guide strategic the U.S government. While there, he saw that numerous individuals were living in corroded, sheet metal shacks, which were hot in the day and cold around evening time. Feed's arrangement was to expel the protection from the rooftop on winter days with the goal that the rooftop would get hot, and Supplanting the protection around evening time to permit the shack to be warm through the night. At that point in the mid year, he would so the opposite of what he did in winter to let the house cool around evening time and supplanting the protection in the daytime to square out the warmth. At that point throughout the years, Hay and a man named John Yellott developed a 3-by 3.7-m building utilizing water bowls as the real roofing material. During the late spring, a chunk of froth protection was moved back around evening time, and the water would get cold during that time sky vanishing. Since the water gracefully sat straightforwardly on a metal roof, it assimilated the warmth from the room and kept the building cooled throughout the day. Throughout the winter, the portable protection was moved back in the daytime which took into account it to gather heat. This created enough warmth into the house through the roof around evening time to keep the room agreeable (McDaniels 179-181). At that point there was the sunlight based cooker. Created by Augustin Mouchot in France and by John Ericsson in

J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter Essay -- Rowling Harry Potter Essays

J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter Harry Potter is a stranded kid whose guardians were assaulted and slaughtered by the abhorrent wizard, Lord Voldemort. The kid endure the terrible killing, which left him with a lightning jolt scar on his brow. He lives with his unsavory uncle and auntie and horrendously childish cousin during summer months. The kid goes to the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, where he finds out about mixtures, flying on a broomstick, and fending off the abhorrent Lord Voldemort. Harry Potter is venerated by offspring all things considered, alongside grown-ups, for his clever funniness and dream experiences. Youngsters long for his companionship and enchantment powers. The initial three books were on the New York Times smash hit records before New York Times chose to separate the rundown into kids' and grown-ups' books in view of Harry Potter's ubiquity (Gray standard. 2). Harry Potter won the Parenting Book of the Year Award in 1998, and the 1997 National Book Award (Ballard standard. 6). Harry Potter has moved through the world causing debate over the positive and negative effects the books are having on youngsters. Albeit a few people guarantee that Harry Potter is Satanic, Harry Potter has impacted kids' writing since kids are learning acceptable qualities, a constructive good example, and are understanding more. J.K. Rowling introduced Harry Potter to youngsters' writing in 1997. Seven years back, Rowling was a jobless single parent of a little girl and was living in a two-room loft in Edinburgh, Scotland. Rowling started to compose Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in a bistro while her girl took snoozes Since at that point, she has composed an aggregate of four books: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone written in... ...oshen College Good Library. 24 October 2001. Dark, Paul. The Magic of Potter. Rev. Dec. 2000.17. Oct. 2001 http://www.time.com/time/pog2000/mag/rowling.html. Liungman, Carl G. Word reference of Symbols. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1991. Radigan, Winifred M. Associating the Gernerations: Memory, Magic, and Harry Potter. Diary of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 44.8 (2001):694. Scholarly Search World class. Palni Site Search. Goshen College Good Library. 24 October 2001. Why We Like Harry Potter. Christianity Today 10 Jan. 2000: 37. Scholarly Search World class. Palni Site Search. Goshen College Good Library. 24 October 2001. Wyckoff, Malia McCawley. Past Harry Potter: The books young men can't avoid perusing. Family Life Oct. 2000: 86. Scholarly Search Elite. Palni Site Search. Goshen College Good Library. 24 October 2001.

Class of 2009 Ring Delivery

Class of 2009 Ring Delivery As a lot of you probably know, the MIT class ring is a little more than a simple piece of jewlery. First of all, its huge. Like, as rings go, these things are pretty big hunks of metal. Second of all, they are a huge part of the undergrad tradition at MIT. Getting your brass rat, as we call it, is a Big Deal. Each class selects a ring committee which creates its own design specific to your class year. Then they reveal the design at Ring Premiere. Then the committee hosts a reception for the class to come pick up their rings. The Class of 09 Ring Delivery was held last Thursday, and while Im not big on getting dressed up, semiformal attire was encouraged, so I sucked it up and put on a dress. I left Burton Conner with a group of other 09s: Adelaide, Rick, Cathy, and Laurie. Adelaide sits on the floor in the hallway to strap on her heels. Adelaide is awesome. Adelaide and Rick in their dress clothes. Within 3 minutes of entering the room, Id put away my coat and picked up my ring. Two minutes after that we went and found the free food. (It was delicious.) The reception was held in the Boston State Room, and it was pretty classy. Unfortunately I wasnt able to take many good pictures because of the lighting, so youre just going to have to take my word for it. Live music, delicious food, dress clothes.I felt all grown up and sophisticated. Or something. Rick makes a cheesy pose with his ring at my request. (Come on, make it interesting, Im blogging this.) The obligatory group shot. We mingled with the other 09s and speculated about the superpowers that might come with the ring, like being able to finish psets 10 times as fast, and/or summoning Captain Planet. I make my own dorky pose. (Oh, the embarrassing pictures I take of myself for you guys. Be grateful.) Post Tagged #Brass Rat #Ring Delivery

Honor in Henry Iv, Part I Â Falstaff vs. Hotspur

Honor In Henry IV, Part I Ââ€" Falstaff vs. Hotspur According to F. Scott Fitzgerald, The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposing ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function. Indeed, very few people have this quality, the playwright William Shakespeare being one of them. In many of his plays, Henry IV, Part One among them, Shakespeare juxtaposes different worldviews, ideologies, and even environments. His characters usually provide a clear example of a split among them in one of many perspectives. One of his characters in Henry IVÂâ€"FalstaffÂâ€"is first seen as an endearing, uproariously funny scoundrel and later reveals himself more of a lowlife with his view of honorÂâ€"he seems†¦show more content†¦He says I like not such grinning honor as Sir Walter hath: give me life, which if I can save, so; if not, honor comes unlocked for, and theres an end. (V, iii) Thus, honor is, as Falstaff says, nothing more than a word, for it expresses a concept, which can be c onveniently twisted to support whatever side of any battle that one is on. Hotspur, on the other hand, is always seen as honorable even though he has caused this whole war; there is no way, therefore, for anyone to correctly say what brings honor and what dishonors. The second time the word honor appears in the play, it is on the lips of Hotspur, who is damning the King and urging his father and Worcester to redeem / [their] banishd honors and [to] restore [them]selves... (I, iii). The reader can easily see Shakespeares notion that the concept of honor and its embodiment seldom come together in the reality of a single personÂâ€"certainly the way that Hotspur wants his father and uncle to redeem themselves (by dethroning the king) is not very honorable, yet his honor is from battles won in the kings name. So despite his treasonous thoughts, his honor from battle remains with him for the rest of his life, as even the prince calls him valiant. (V, i) Both Hotspur and the King believed in the undegenerate chivalric conception of honor, which was a lofty one. Under it, trial by battle, and war, became religious affairs. Hotspur also talks of honor as a symbol for a trophy of victory: heShow MoreRelated The Character of Falstaff in Shakespeares Henry IV, Part I Essay1876 Words   |  8 PagesThe Character of Falstaff in Henry IV, Part I      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeares genius in character and plot development is exemplified in two of his most complex history plays, Richard II and Henry IV, Part I. With these sequential plays, Shakespeare vividly develops characters and sets up complicated plots by juxtapositioning people with others. Specifically, he first creates a binary opposition between Richard and Bolingbrook in Richard II, and then, recalls the plot and carries out an almost mirror

Social And Cultural Change Prompted - 1187 Words

Social and Cultural Change Prompted by Technology Textile, steam, and metallurgy based innovations amounted to a legacy in Britain and a precedent for future industrial revolutions for other countries. As urbanization became a phenomenon in Britain, people migrated to the city centers in an effort to find employment and waged labor. New technological advancements, during Britain’s Industrial Revolution, prompted change in society and culture. The increased demand for British goods resulted in merchants needed more cost-effective methods of production, which led to the rise of mechanization and the factory system. The separation of social classes and labor was one major effect of the inventions. Also, women and children were the new solution for long, hard hours and lower pay. Cultural changes were a direct result of this increase in technological developments, reshaping familial relations and daily life, while leaving an agriculturally based culture. The most important change in society and societal views, that resulted from new technology in everyday life, was a larger separation in classes and wages. As technology emerged, a new class system followed. Before the industrial revolution, the average lifespan was higher, the economy was stimulated by agriculture, and, above all, there was little division in social class and labor. With small scale productions, the agricultural sector was self sufficient. However, as more people flocked to the cities in search of employment inShow MoreRelatedThe Attacks of 9/11 and the Subsequent Global War on Terror: Primordialist and Constructivist Perceptions1439 Words   |  6 Pagessubsequent Global War on Terror, in terms of political identity? Do you see it in primordial terms? How would a primordialist and constructivist each explain these events? Primordialism The primordialist view would suggest that the attacks were prompted by irreconcilable differences between Islamic culture and the West and that Islam felt threatened by the West. Essentially it states that ethnic groups and nationalities exist because there are traditions of belief and action towards primordialRead MoreSummary : Manliness 1691 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Yarbrough SPM4012 – Hawzen 4-3-16 MANLINESS IN SOCIETY Manliness is depicted as ownership of properties considered regular of a man. Hegemonic manliness is a type of manly character with social optimism and accentuation that interfaces manliness to aggressiveness, durability, and ladies subordination. Manliness hegemonic is the requirement of male territory over a general public. Manly belief system goes back to the season of agrarian and the modernRead MoreAfrican Americans Participation During The Civil War1509 Words   |  7 Pagesacknowledge their struggles and transformed the war into a fight for reconnection and freedom. Though hindered by racist people and policies, the African Americans’ participation during the war and Reconstruction greatly contributed to tremendous cultural change as well as the securing of legal rights to blacks. The African American’s desire to fight and support the war effort caused the country to not only recognize their struggle, but shift the goal of the war to the freeing of slaves in bondage. NearRead MoreMulticultural Education int the United States1665 Words   |  7 Pagesmany different types of people, each one having his or her cultural background. Over the years, the United States has become increasingly populated with cultural diversity. This influx has prompted school administrators to recognize the need to incorporate multicultural programs into their school environment including classroom settings, school wide activities, and curriculum as it becomes more evident that the benefits of teaching cultural diversity within the school setting will positively influenceRead MoreSociology, Anthropology, By Lewis Binford932 Words   |  4 Pagesshort comings of a cultural historic approach, and provides suggestions of improvement that have been applied and even built upon in c ontemporary archaeology. These improvements are discussed by looking at three major functional sub-classes of material culture, with regard to the processes of change, and then applied in the context of the utilization of native copper in eastern North America. This approach created a new viewpoint with which to understand the past through cultural material and was oneRead MorePost Invasion Of Iraq And The Elements Of Disaster1340 Words   |  6 PagesBritish imperial presence prompted a formation of citizenship, which relied prominently on material facts: shared, common history and land between the Jews, Christians, Shiite’s and Sunni’s. Furthermore, this research paper will be looking at post-invasion of Iraq and the elements of disaster that persisted and/or generated from the conflict. In essence, how has American military intervention in Iraq affected internal cultural relativity among ethnic, political and cultural lines, and as a result ofRead MoreGlobalizatio n And The Speed Of Globalization1726 Words   |  7 PagesThere has been acceleration in the speed of globalization in current years. Its scope has too widened past the realm of economies to involve the domains of cultural, political and social practices and norms. This powerful shove has been connected with far-reaching cost for economic well-being, political processes and social structures in countries across the world. The diverse parts of the entire world have actually become so co-dependent in so many respects that it is not possible any longer toRead More A Caribbean Legacy Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pages A Caribbean Legacy The notions of slavery, colonialism, and race are indelible aspects of Caribbean history. In order to fathom the current political, social, economic, and cultural climate of the Caribbean one must engage in a critical study and understanding of the impact slavery has had in modern day Caribbean societies. The modes and intricacies of modern day Caribbean societies are intimately related to the plantation systems of the colonial period, which welcomed the arrival of the largestRead MoreMulticulturalism : A Culturally Diverse Groups896 Words   |  4 Pagesof citizenship provides us with a legal and cultural framework and social coexistence positive among the diverse citizens culturally , it raises the need to examine the relationship between citizenship and multiculturalism. United states and Europe are Totally difirent in their multiculturalism styles. Thirty years ago, it was considered by many Europeans that multiculturalism( society being diverse and united at the same time), is the answer to social problems in Europe. Today, however, many believeRead MoreThe Social, Economic, and Political Implications of the Conquest and Colonization of the Americas1040 Words   |  5 Pagesand colonization of the Americas is very complex. The social, economic, and political issues and circumstances that took place many years ago are the foundation of who America is today. Most Americans do not realize how many people were affected by immigration, or understand the real struggles and sacrifices that the indigenous people and the colonists made for the freedoms we have today. During these historical events, many cultural, social, and economical events were impacted. Historical Contributions

Spanish National Anthem Free Essays

At times, our political and cultural landscape can seem like an endless parade of divisive controversy. We cannot agree, so why not disagree—and disagree loudly? The latest war of debate and rhetoric centers around the presence of illegal aliens within our country’s borders. Should they stay? Should they go? While the subjects themselves protest in the streets, individuals of all creeds and colors are waging a ping-pong of protests across air waves and across coffee tables. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanish National Anthem or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through these spirited arguments, a symbol of the nation’s division has emerged, and—ironically enough—it is one of the core symbols of America itself. The current battleground in the illegal immigration debate concerns the recent release of a Spanish version of the United States national anthem. Titled â€Å"Nuestro Himno† (â€Å"Our Anthem†), the controversial translation of â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner† is being produced by Urban Box Office president and British-born Adam Kidron; it is being performed by popular Latin stars such as Wyclef Jean, Pitbull, Olga Tanon, and Carlos Ponce (Associated Press, 2006). Is this translation an attempt at American assimilation, as its defenders claim? I believe that the answer is no. If the song were a true attempt at honoring America, it might be understandable. However, â€Å"Nuestro Himno† is nothing more than a political tool whose purpose is more division. Further, it is an indirect assault on one of our nation’s most sacred symbols. The song’s producer defends its release by claiming that it is a means for more people  to understand and learn the national anthem: â€Å"There’s no attempt to usurp anything. The intent is to communicate†¦.and also express to express gratitude and patriotism to the United States†¦.† However, in the very same interview, Kidron (the producer) reveals a deeper intention: â€Å"I wanted to show my thanks to these people (who)†¦.do the jobs I don’t want to do† (Associated Press, 2006). This song is being released less as an ode to America and more of an ode to illegal immigrants. If not, then why was the song’s release timed to coincide with the immigration protests and Congress’ debates about illegal immigration? Why are a large chunk of the profits produced by the song going to immigration groups? Why did the record label encourage Latin-themed radio stations to concurrently play the song at a certain time, in a show of â€Å"solidarity†? Why do many of these radio station employees (whom one would expect to be the strongest supporters) question the motives of the song? â€Å"We should be trying to assimilate, not aggravate,† says one Latin radio host. An immigration web magazine writer adds, â€Å"If you want to say all those things, by all means, put them on your poster board, but don’t put them on the national anthem† (Associated Press, 2006). And what â€Å"things† is the latter referring to? It seems that in June the song will be released as a remix, and several lines will be added to the song, including: â€Å"These kids have no parents, cause all of these mean laws †¦ let’s not start a war with all these hard workers, they can’t help where they were born† (Wides-Munoz, 2006). This remix begs the question, When did â€Å"mean laws† become an adjective for â€Å"gratitude and patriotism†? This song is not a celebration or even a mere translation of the national anthem. It is literal rewriting and bastardization of our country’s symbolic history into a weapon of political propaganda. Sure, pop, rock, and country versions of the anthem may exist, but all of these versions honor the words of the song. Yet not one verse of â€Å"Nuestro Himno† stays true to the English-versed national anthem. Following is one excerpt of the translation: The glow of battle, in step with liberty My people keep fighting It’s time to break the chains At night they said: â€Å"It’s being defended!† Oh say! Your starry beauty is still unfolding. (Online extra, 2006) How many words do we find in this version that are also included in the original?†¦two. Could anyone even say (without deep examination) which verse of the national anthem this â€Å"translation† derives from? Sad to say, the first question which enters my mind upon reading this verse is who â€Å"My people† are? Is the song remembering the American soldiers who fought for their country, as Francis Scott Key did? Or is â€Å"My people† simply another coded ode to illegal  immigrants? â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner† is a celebration of all that America stands for. Its author  poured these lyrics out of his soul in a burst of inspiration. Something stirred inside him as he  witnessed his flag flying proudly, withstanding a night full of â€Å"bombs† and â€Å"rockets† from  enemy forces. The poem (and subsequent song) captured the bravery, loyalty, and independence  which that flag came to symbolize. Why did these verses survive over a century—faithfully sung  in everything from bars to baseball games?   Why did the song officially become our national  anthem in 1931? It spoke to the hearts of the American people, and to the soul of America itself. As the president himself says, â€Å"One of the important things here is that we not lose our national  soul† (Associated Press, 2006). If we allow our country’s most sacred symbols to be tarnished by  politics, we will lose. The only way to ensure that does not happen with our national anthem is to  preserve it and protect it in the form which its creator intended: English. Assimilation means  blending in, and America is for all intents and purposes an English-speaking nation. A Spanish  national anthem does not assimilate our principles; it rejects them. We do not change our national animal symbol (the bald eagle) because some might prefer  a turkey. We do not alter our national colors because some might be offended by red, white, and  blue. And we never, ever compromise our American democracy: USA Today/Gallup Poll: 69%–the national anthem should only be sung in English References Associated Press. (2006). Oh say can you see the national anthem in Spanish? Retrieved May 2,   2006, from CNN.com: http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/04/28/anthem.inspanish.ap/ Online extra: English translation of Spanish-language version of national anthem. (2006). Retrieved May 2, 2006, from Salt Lake Tribune: http://www.sltrib.com/ ci_3764054? source=rss Wides-Munoz, Laura. (2006). Spanish ‘Star-Spangled Banner’ draws ire. Retrieved   May 2, 2006, from My Way News: http://apnews.myway.com/article/ 20060428/ How to cite Spanish National Anthem, Essay examples

Spanish National Anthem Free Essays

At times, our political and cultural landscape can seem like an endless parade of divisive controversy. We cannot agree, so why not disagree—and disagree loudly? The latest war of debate and rhetoric centers around the presence of illegal aliens within our country’s borders. Should they stay? Should they go? While the subjects themselves protest in the streets, individuals of all creeds and colors are waging a ping-pong of protests across air waves and across coffee tables. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanish National Anthem or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through these spirited arguments, a symbol of the nation’s division has emerged, and—ironically enough—it is one of the core symbols of America itself. The current battleground in the illegal immigration debate concerns the recent release of a Spanish version of the United States national anthem. Titled â€Å"Nuestro Himno† (â€Å"Our Anthem†), the controversial translation of â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner† is being produced by Urban Box Office president and British-born Adam Kidron; it is being performed by popular Latin stars such as Wyclef Jean, Pitbull, Olga Tanon, and Carlos Ponce (Associated Press, 2006). Is this translation an attempt at American assimilation, as its defenders claim? I believe that the answer is no. If the song were a true attempt at honoring America, it might be understandable. However, â€Å"Nuestro Himno† is nothing more than a political tool whose purpose is more division. Further, it is an indirect assault on one of our nation’s most sacred symbols. The song’s producer defends its release by claiming that it is a means for more people  to understand and learn the national anthem: â€Å"There’s no attempt to usurp anything. The intent is to communicate†¦.and also express to express gratitude and patriotism to the United States†¦.† However, in the very same interview, Kidron (the producer) reveals a deeper intention: â€Å"I wanted to show my thanks to these people (who)†¦.do the jobs I don’t want to do† (Associated Press, 2006). This song is being released less as an ode to America and more of an ode to illegal immigrants. If not, then why was the song’s release timed to coincide with the immigration protests and Congress’ debates about illegal immigration? Why are a large chunk of the profits produced by the song going to immigration groups? Why did the record label encourage Latin-themed radio stations to concurrently play the song at a certain time, in a show of â€Å"solidarity†? Why do many of these radio station employees (whom one would expect to be the strongest supporters) question the motives of the song? â€Å"We should be trying to assimilate, not aggravate,† says one Latin radio host. An immigration web magazine writer adds, â€Å"If you want to say all those things, by all means, put them on your poster board, but don’t put them on the national anthem† (Associated Press, 2006). And what â€Å"things† is the latter referring to? It seems that in June the song will be released as a remix, and several lines will be added to the song, including: â€Å"These kids have no parents, cause all of these mean laws †¦ let’s not start a war with all these hard workers, they can’t help where they were born† (Wides-Munoz, 2006). This remix begs the question, When did â€Å"mean laws† become an adjective for â€Å"gratitude and patriotism†? This song is not a celebration or even a mere translation of the national anthem. It is literal rewriting and bastardization of our country’s symbolic history into a weapon of political propaganda. Sure, pop, rock, and country versions of the anthem may exist, but all of these versions honor the words of the song. Yet not one verse of â€Å"Nuestro Himno† stays true to the English-versed national anthem. Following is one excerpt of the translation: The glow of battle, in step with liberty My people keep fighting It’s time to break the chains At night they said: â€Å"It’s being defended!† Oh say! Your starry beauty is still unfolding. (Online extra, 2006) How many words do we find in this version that are also included in the original?†¦two. Could anyone even say (without deep examination) which verse of the national anthem this â€Å"translation† derives from? Sad to say, the first question which enters my mind upon reading this verse is who â€Å"My people† are? Is the song remembering the American soldiers who fought for their country, as Francis Scott Key did? Or is â€Å"My people† simply another coded ode to illegal  immigrants? â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner† is a celebration of all that America stands for. Its author  poured these lyrics out of his soul in a burst of inspiration. Something stirred inside him as he  witnessed his flag flying proudly, withstanding a night full of â€Å"bombs† and â€Å"rockets† from  enemy forces. The poem (and subsequent song) captured the bravery, loyalty, and independence  which that flag came to symbolize. Why did these verses survive over a century—faithfully sung  in everything from bars to baseball games?   Why did the song officially become our national  anthem in 1931? It spoke to the hearts of the American people, and to the soul of America itself. As the president himself says, â€Å"One of the important things here is that we not lose our national  soul† (Associated Press, 2006). If we allow our country’s most sacred symbols to be tarnished by  politics, we will lose. The only way to ensure that does not happen with our national anthem is to  preserve it and protect it in the form which its creator intended: English. Assimilation means  blending in, and America is for all intents and purposes an English-speaking nation. A Spanish  national anthem does not assimilate our principles; it rejects them. We do not change our national animal symbol (the bald eagle) because some might prefer  a turkey. We do not alter our national colors because some might be offended by red, white, and  blue. And we never, ever compromise our American democracy: USA Today/Gallup Poll: 69%–the national anthem should only be sung in English References Associated Press. (2006). Oh say can you see the national anthem in Spanish? Retrieved May 2,   2006, from CNN.com: http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/04/28/anthem.inspanish.ap/ Online extra: English translation of Spanish-language version of national anthem. (2006). Retrieved May 2, 2006, from Salt Lake Tribune: http://www.sltrib.com/ ci_3764054? source=rss Wides-Munoz, Laura. (2006). Spanish ‘Star-Spangled Banner’ draws ire. Retrieved   May 2, 2006, from My Way News: http://apnews.myway.com/article/ 20060428/ How to cite Spanish National Anthem, Essay examples

Have You Come a Long Way Baby Essay Example For Students

Have You Come a Long Way Baby? Essay Flatland vs. Modern Culture The treatment of women and the handicapped in the modern world has changed little, as illustrated by Edwin A. Abbotts book Flatland, which was written as a social satire over one hundred years ago. Physically life in Flatland differs greatly from our own, but socially many similarities are evident between the two worlds. According to the politics of Edwin A. Abbotts Flatland women are regarded as inferior (12). In Despite of few distinguishing physical characteristics to discriminate against, from a Flatlanders point of view, women are considered the frailer sex. Inferiority is determined by the intellect of the female in relation to male. Since educational opportunities for women do not exist in Flatland, it is not difficult to refuse rights to those who are unaware that they have rights. The frailer sex must constantly make its appearance known in public because of the lethal capabilities they possess. The capacity to inflict such harm has prompted the powerful male upper classes to limit the opportunities of the inferior gender. When opportunities arise that decrease the barrier such as the passing of the Colour Bill, they are quickly stifled to maintain the balance of power that has been established. Indicated here by the Chief Circle if the Colour Bill passed, .. . fraud, deception, and hypocrisy would pervade every household. Sooner than this, He cried, Come death. (33). This Anti-suffrage speech indicates that the Chief Circle would rather perish than share rights with a woman. It is incomprehensible to most men in this society to believe an educated woman may be just as capable as they themselves are. The situation described in Flatland sounds very bleak, but until recently similar conditions existed in the United States, and though progress has been made still do exist. Very much like Flatland women were also kept from getting an education, and to some extent are still expected to take on traditionally female roles such as nursing and child care when entering into schools. It was very important to keep females out of the classroom for the same reasons given in Flatland. Women were dangerous to mens jobs and egos, and also would harm the domestic bliss that women had to work so hard to maintain. Today women are striving for equal rights but many have realized that they are still not making the progress they should be, women are finding a glass ceiling in many corporate work environments. The glass ceiling refers to the inability of women to find top positions in corporations many are found in the upper level of a business but are very rarely in control. American women were also not given the right to vote until the late twentys this is relatively recent and were only given the right on the assumption that their husbands had control over who they cast their vote for. Similarities also occur in the treatment of the handicapped. In Flatland irregular sides and angles are considered handicaps. The children born with these defects will be unable to live a normal life, they will be less intelligent and looked down upon by society. Children born with defects are immediately destroyed so that the community will not have to deal with the problems of a handicapped child and to keep the risk of having more handicapped children low. To some families in Flatland a child with an insufficient number of sides may be considered handicapped, many of these children were sent to have their sides broken in order to double the number of sides they have, although this process was risky many Flatlanders felt it was the only acceptable option a glad procession bears back the little one to his exultant parents, no longer a polygon . .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 , .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 .postImageUrl , .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 , .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777:hover , .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777:visited , .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777:active { border:0!important; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777:active , .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777 .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81841628f8fe0d3519c3730701d65777:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anthropology Defined Essay.. at least by courtesy (36). This statement shows that appearances are everything in this society though the child may not have the development of a circle he will be perceived as one. In modern society the handicapped are often thought of as a burden rather than a needy human being. Tests now show if a child will be handicapped even before birth so the decision to carry out the pregnancy may be made then, still handicapped children are often abandoned or sent to institutions to be cared for. The termination of a pregnancy on account of a handicapped child may be compared to the destruction of any irregular children born to Flatland parents. Appearances of .

Understanding Cities and Regions

Understanding cities and regions is a significantly complicate and confusing task. This process enables individuals and government agencies to effectively plan for resource distribution and management of regions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Cities and Regions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A city refers to an entity that occupies space or an element in a network of urban centres. On the other hand, a region entails an intermediary entity that occupies a position in the continuum of a country and a city (Frey 2007, p. 112). In this regard, the distinction of the two entities involves the analysis of spatial and temporal comparisons, structural change, design and the implementation of policies. Sometimes, disagreements arise regarding when the categorising of a city as a region and vice versa. Similarly, cities and regions share multiple traits. These include their representation of an open syst em with respect to trade, factor mobility, and government transfers (Short 1996, p. 424). Nevertheless, a detail analysis of the two economic entities will depict the fundamental difference that supersedes the mere analysis concerning the dimensions of the area or population. From the inception of the concept of urbanisation, several elements of an urban area have been considered in evaluating the components of a city. Classically, cities were considered urban areas that exhibited economical, social, and political influences on people. In this regard, various theories attempt to explain the origin and development of urban areas.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theories that have clearly elicited how urban areas originated in the past include hydraulic, economic, military, and religious theories (Parr 2008, p. 3012). All these theories identify the need of populations’ confederation. The theories have similar primary characteristics concerning size, specialisation of labour, class-structured society and state organisation. Notably, the population, environment, technology, and social organisation influenced the emergence of urban areas. Overtime, the rating of the urban areas with the focus on industrial production underwent considerable transformations. At the same time, industrial capitalism input a crucial element in the industrial cities’ definition. During this transition period, the urban areas were segregated to accommodate the needs of all individuals as per their classes. Quartering such as luxury areas, gentrified city, suburban, tenement, and abandon cities existed. All these quarters catered for the needs of the mighty and the poor in the society. After the industrial period, the urban areas transformed to the postmodern cities. In this regard, the adoption of restructuring in the economic, social, and political segments was nec essary. The restructuring of the economic base in the urban areas involved a fundamental change in the organisation and technology of the industrial production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Cities and Regions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, it led to the formation of a global system of world cities through the spatial division of labour and specialisation (Clapp 1971, p. 128). Similarly, a change in social structure was witness because of the social fragmentation created by the wide gap between the rich and the poor. Nevertheless, there was an increase in the radical restructuring of the urban forms like megacity, metroplex, technoburb, technopolis, and exopolis to accommodate the change in the urban imagery. Historically, the imagery of the cities influenced the urban areas’ rating. In this regard, myths and ideologies were developed to describe the exact nature of urban a reas (Hufschmidt 1969, p.88). The common anti-urban myths included unnatural, anonymous, sin, or treat cities. The pro-urban views included the civilized, soft, free, or radical cities. Progressively, urban ideologies emerged which help to characterise the nature of a city as a wannabee world, clean and green or ‘look! No more factories’ city. At that time, cities were categorised with regard to the cost of living, employment and crime rates, arts and climate. Evidently, multiple means of evaluating cities have been formulated. Additionally, presently, competition is no longer regional or national, but globally. Therefore, In this regard, it is crucial for any city to identify its market niche and create a favourable image. Apparently, the region definition has been the main area of interest in distinguishing between regions and cities. Analytically, regions cut across the various approaches of interest like economics, geography, planning, politics, and sociology. Thus, regions focus on the economic, social, political, cultural, and ecological changes (Pike 2007, p. 1145). Evidently, regions exhibit contemporary controversies about space, place, and scale.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, researchers have embarked on studies to establish the standards of analysis and evidence of regions. Notably, most researchers agree that regions should be categorised depending on the data specification, collection, and analysis in more open, unbound, and discontinuous spatial units other than the space, place, and scale. The role of governance, policy, and politics in the regional level is essential in the definition of a region. The emergent forms of governance regarding participatory and democratic leadership with new geographies of devolution and multi-layering clearly depicts the definition of a region. Similarly, the use of regions to shape, develop, and deliver policies determine their definition (Stiftel 2005, p. 220). Additionally, power relations are critical in evaluating regions’ interests and development. This implies that the initiative of contesting demands the collective provision and interpretation of governance of regional firm networks. Theref ore, it is crucial to realise that regions have more importance to contesters as they promote the emergence of spatial imaginaries at the city-region and local levels. Consequently, the main requirement of regional studies is to reflect on the need to articulate the normative content and intent of people’s work towards sustainable development at the local and regional levels. In defining regions, it is critical to adopt the Meyer’s classification of economies approach. This approach defines regions with respect to spatial differentiation. In this regard, there are the homogeneous, nodal, and programming regions (Salet 2003, p. 125). The homogeneous approach reflects on the regions that exhibit differentiating factors, but similar uniform terms of a certain criteria. This approach’s use has been significant with the analysis of economic activities. The nodal regions adopt the fact that there are nodes or market areas within the surrounding of the suburban areas t hat supply the nodes. Additionally, the government’s implementations of policies that create differentiating factors influence the programming regions. All these forms the influencing factors of a region explain the exact nature of a region. The process of contrasting regions and cities demands the analysis of regions space, scale, and social factors. Initially, the first contrast entails the definition of cities or regions with regard to the spatial-sectored factors, interaction between zones, external interaction or scale and change. The spatial-sectored structures refer the combination of the urban area (C zone) and the hinterland or surrounding regions (S zone). The interaction between zones entails how the C zone and S zone symbiotically relate with respect to their economic interdependence (Pacione 2005, p. 44). The external interactions depict how two different zones interact without losing their sight to the external economic relations. Similarly, scale and change por tray the extensiveness of an area and the frequency of changes in such regions. In this regard, adequate attention on the spatial structure and the change emerging due to evolution is vital. Another contrasting element of the types of regions is the polycentric urban region (PUR). This component entails the spatial structure, patterns of interaction and economic prospects of PUR. The spatial structure entails the grouping of urban areas that meet certain conditions such as the clustered distribution of urban areas, maximum and minimum spacing, lack of direct relationship between centres and any dominance, and the average level of interaction between centres. The patterns of interaction entail the labour-market interaction between centres. The economic prospects refer to the formation of a metropolitan area without its accompanying disadvantages. This fosters the efficient delivery of services and the adoption of appropriate system of governance. There are other ways of identifying P UR. These include the alternative interpretation of regions and polycentric megacity region (Stilwell 1992, p. 128). This enables the identification and distinction of cities and regions. References Clapp, J. A. (1971). New towns and urban policy; planning metropolitan growth. Dunellen: New York. Frey, H., Yaneske, P. (2007). Visions of sustainability: cities and regions. Taylor Francis: London. Hufschmidt, M. M. (1969). Regional planning; challenge and prospects. Praeger: New York. Pacione, M. (2005). 3. Urban geography : global perspective (pp. 22-57). Routledge: New York, NY. Parr, J. B. (2008). Cities and regions: problems and potentials. Environment and Planning, 40, 3009-3026. Pike, A. (2007). Editorial: Whither Regional Studies?. Centre for Urban and RegionalDevelopment Studies (CURDS), 41(9), 1143-1148. Salet, W. G. (2003). Metropolitan governance and spatial planning: comparative case studies of European city-regions. Spon Press: London. Short, J. R. (1996). 18. The urban order : an introduction to cities, culture, and power (pp. 414-438). Blackwell Publishers: Cambridge, Mass., USA. Stiftel, B., Watson, V. (2005). Dialogues in urban and regional planning. Routledge: London. Stilwell, F. J. (1992). Understanding cities regions: spatial political economy. Pluto Press Australia: Leichhardt, NSW. This essay on Understanding Cities and Regions was written and submitted by user Alvin Hardin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Controversey in Iraq essays

Controversey in Iraq essays The Presidential election of this year was a very important one. This was mainly due to the conflicting feelings of Americans regarding the war in Iraq. The polls leading up to the election showed a divided nation, half for Bush, and half for Kerry. Since the election has now come and gone, it seems as though the majority of our country is for the war and how President Bush is handling it. I must admit, I am not part of the majority when it comes to this issue. I voted for Senator Kerry, and I am opposed to the situation in Iraq. What it comes down to is that our President is telling our country that we are fighting the war on terror, but the fact is we are not fighting in the right place. Iraq is not the key to stopping the terror. Yes, taking over Iraq may have deterred a few of the terrorists, but many other countries are still a much larger threat. For instance, before the September 11 attacks, the United States estimated that North Korea possibly had possession of one weapon of mass destruction, since we have invaded Iraq, North Korea definitely has at least five weapons of mass destruction that we know about. While the US has been preoccupied with the mess in Iraq, the countries that really do pose a threat, pose an even bigger threat today. As I stated earlier, the majority of our country is for this war. This war is being done to spread democracy and stop a tyrannical ruler that is harming his people. These pro-war people argue that by attacking Iraq we would find the link to Al Queda we were fighting for. This is not true. The CIA gave the President faulty intelligence. There is and never has been a link between the two. The President explained to our country eighteen months ago that we were going to Iraq for several reasons. They were: Iraq contained weapons of mass destruction, this was a link to stop Al Queda, and this was a last resort to stop terror. So far, a year and a half later of being at war...

Is marihuana beneficial or destructive to society Essay

Is marihuana beneficial or destructive to society - Essay Example The rate of substance abuse among youths was higher compared to the number of adults aged 26 years old and older who have5% rate of marijuana usage. What could have possibly provoked them to use marihuana? We know that children decide to try marihuana because of pressure from other individuals, problems related to school and family, depression, and self-esteem. According to Dr. Bruce Beckum, child psychologist and noted authority on young adult drug use, â€Å"Seventy percent of young people who use drugs report difficulties at home and at school†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The alarming rates of increase marihuana among youths might be attributed to these intrapersonal and interpersonal factors and partnerships among government, parents, and youths themselves must be worked on in order to address these issues and completely eliminate marihuana use among youths. Marihuana puts children in danger. It is not the only drug that is most commonly used, but is also known to cause many other problems. An article from the Journal of the American Medical Association states that teens who use marijuana are 77 % more likely to try harder drugs (Smith, 64). How can people say that our society would benefit from the legalization of marihuana when this is only hurting and influencing children in a negative way? Are we only thinking in adults when we speak about marihuana? Probably, adults had thought of legalizing marihuana because of the medical benefits that can be derived from using it such as alleviation of undesirable effects of certain medications, treatments, and diseases. If just in case marihuana would have been legalized, patients will no longer experience extreme discomforts. However, legalizing marihuana would cause a lot of consequences even if it is for medical benefits. Well, let me tell you something that is not the case. Usually, the mos t affected by our

Fallacies in Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fallacies in Advertisement - Essay Example With the tag line ‘feed your dreams,’ the ad was trying to associate the product with the accomplishments of the three men who were featured. Upon looking at the advertisement, a couple of questions occurred to me: suppose I would take in such product, would that necessarily feed my dreams? And what would ‘feed my dreams’ mean actually? It was so ambiguous that any meaning could be associated with it. Suppose I try to give it some meaning, which was to encourage me and make my dreams come true like those men who were featured, would that make it similar to what Muscle Milk was trying to portray in the ad? And what dreams would the product make come true, only those who dream to be like those ‘rookies’ and top athletes? It seemed to me, with this ad, that Muscle Milk was trying to put some causal link between taking in their product and the successful careers of the three athletes. Would a successful career be a product of taking in a supplement like that? It does not necessarily follow, thus, this ad had committed fallacy of false cause. Like some of the more informed consumers, I always looked for some reason to believe as regards the claim of a company’s product in its advertisement. The one thing that I had noted in this advertisement was the reason to believe provided the wrong authority to back up the claim. I then asked myself, would I believe this advertisement in its claim for the benefits that Muscle Milk would offer if I were to buy some supplements? Should I not consult a dietitian or a nutritionist in order for me to know the effects of taking in such product to my body, had I wanted to reap the benefits that the product claimed? Therefore, if the claim to the benefits should prove to be true, surely, it should be the dietitians and not the athletes who were to be consulted? If the benefits were to be measured in terms of the effects to

Conditions that have led to global market development

Conditions that have led to global market development The development of international or global market itself is an interesting historical sketch that details all the relevant aspect of the developmental phase that have been going on since capitalism and the concepts of it took centre stage in redefining the way people do business across international borders and the course of industrialization that shaped and changed the facial outlook of global economic process. Though industrialization at its nascent stage originated in Europe, however; the latent force of commercialization or to say global commerce and international business stem from US in particular post world wars era. What is particular to the development of international market in the early part of 1990s or to say in the 20th century can be laid emphasis to the notion of growing influence of USA and its democratic capitalism. And the process of industrialization in the face of growing trade, commerce, also marked a way towards internationalization or the development of global market, which economist have often termed as globalization and its phenomena. In all fronts, there is no denying the facts that USA has been a major influence to the development of international market. One pertinent fact is the changing face of US business environment notable in the early part of 1990s. Add to it, the staggering $16.3 trillion in investment in the US alone speaks volume about the normative forms that conditioned the origination and development of international market. Moreover, post world war era, people affluence grew, so does the demands for goods and services, which are increasingly difficult for domestic market to sustain or to meet the demands. In that sense, international commerce and cross-border trade became the norms. Apart from that apparent fact that account to USA influence and growing dominance in the expansion of international market, the origination of World Trade Organization (WTO) in that period, that is to say during the nineties also have been prominent to mark the development of global market. In addition, the trend that is also catching up during the early part of the nineties especially business trends can be looked to the pertinent case of free trade agreements that opened up a way for cross-national trade and business. Specific to these types of condition, acceptance of free market system among developing countries added to the steam of international market and its conditioning. Explain the four risk of International Business? Business as we know is bounded by risks, given the nature of international business environment itself. One peculiar face of business risks is the uncertainty factor, and when it comes to international business it is rather looked upon as the primary risks elements in general. Apart from uncertainty, there are other things as well that seems risky. And the more prevalent risks elements to international or the primary factor of it can be laid emphasis to the following: Political Technological risks Economic risks Socio-cultural risks Political risks: There is no denying the fact that international business in any circumstance is bounded by political risks. Political risks can be understood as the factor that makes up the political features of a country. Thus, political climate at times have a greater force to play a part in international business. Take for instance, political uncertainty itself. That means when political climate is rather stable, international business also take the same course. However, most of the times political stability is rather an exaggerated term; given that there can be no sure shot method to predict nations political makeup, or to say the nature of its stability that hangs in the edge. As a matter of fact, with lesser political stability, the impact it have on business is also paramount, which in due course can change the direction and strategic makeup of business. Thus, political risks are one primary factor of international business. Technological risks: As we are aware, technology and the marvel of it have brought along a bundle of benefits, which have took the societal developmental phase one notch above the ground. Add to it, technology and its advancement is also ever increasing, which means each day and in the cycle of economic process, technological domination and its impact in international business is felt with greater force. International business are thus faced with the abject notion that less of technological awareness or outdated technological application in international business can hamper the way things work or are predicted. Thus, the risky elements can be looked to depreciating cost factor that technology posed or the security to international business. Economic Risks: What define economic risks are the financial elements that may its way to it. In simple sense, it can be broadened to the changing face of international business itself, which also defines the investment factors or nations inability to meet its own financial obligations. With the idea of international business and increasing trade barrier or free market trade can have a dominant role to play its part in international business cycle and thus, it comes as a risk. Socio-cultural risks: Civilization is always in a stage of development, and one factor that socio-cultural forms take its course can be laid emphasis to the notion that no particular nation and its culture are dormant. That is to say, cultural difference is wide spread, and when that element is accounted to international business, the marketing process also is posed with the uncertainty factors. Thus, organizational operational and strategic process is also challenged in such environment. Thus, marketer needs to be way ahead in understanding culture and society itself, which we can bracketed as socio-cultural risks. Why do firm Internationalize? The simple facts remains that firm internationalize for many reasons or the other; be it, profit motive, the expansion to new horizon, exploring and tapping new markets or for reasons less known, that is to say for competitive advantage or labor mobilization and last but not the least, the cost factors. Moreover, by going international, firm can also take centre stage to reaps the benefits of global exposure, and the opportunity cost that can be reaped from international business is also rather more in a sense that diversity is also exemplified, plus the means that internationalization provides towards new markets beyond national boundaries is also whats excites and interest organizations in going international. Add to it, supply chain and its management is also more broadened when firm indulge themselves in international business. Thus, the above mentioned facts in brief list some of the factors and the notion as to why firm internationalize. What are the different participants in International Business? Write in detail about the MNEs, Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, the Born Global firm. International business and its arena is a bundle of flourishing economic activities and the cycle of its repeats day in and day out. The simple facts are that without corporations and business houses, plus participants, economic activities are rather on the back foot or to say, it makes no sense at all. It is common knowledge that global economic process today defines the notion as to what constitutes participants in international business. Thus, the different participants are the following: Focal Firm Distribution channel intermediaries Facilitators. Agents or contractors, etc. Thus, these participants in international business forms the cycle of economic activities carried out in the background of each one participants dependent upon one another in international business scenario. Multinational Enterprise: Multinational Enterprise defines organizations that have set shop in more than one particular market, where its business expose is international, with a global aspirations and goals. Add to it, Multinational Enterprise also details the object of its ownership, which means that that part of the ownership is either owned by parties or more than single ownership take course. Moreover, Multinational Enterprise also posits special characteristics that mirror forms of nationality mix among its staff and managers. Hence, very often Multinational Enterprise is also known as MNC (Multinational companies). The best example can be looked to subsidiaries firms or American firms with their bases in foreign nations where operations and organizational control are decentralized, and the marketing strategy also is rather different from parent company or the likes. Small and Medium Enterprise: As the term denotes to, small and medium enterprise are organization with a business object and turn over that is rather small. And most importantly, employee counts are also small in numbers and counts, let say 20-30 employees for the starts. Add to it, company assets are also small in comparison to global firms or MNEs. But that does not mean that such organization cannot go global, given that globalization and notion of free trade provides a formidable leverage for small and medium sized enterprise to go global and can be looked upon as a competitor. Born Global Firm: Born global forms and its concepts is a rather mostly used term in the contemporary adage to mean the process of internationalization and its influence that is taking shape in local or national organizations with a potentialities to go international in due course. Such organization can be looked upon as startups, with lesser assets and turn over. Why do firms internationalize? The simple notion why firms internationalize can be laid emphasis to the globalization and its influences. The channelizing networked partnership possibilities, the opportunities in such a scenario, or to position themselves and influence partners or subsidiary firm who are either based in foreign shores also constitutes some of the sole components why firms internationalize. The idea of comparative management is also one main reason. Chapter 2 What are the Societal Consequences of Market Globalization? Explain Positive and Negative Consequences? As we can observe in and around the materialistic world that we live in today, commercialization and international business at times have provided a bundle of baggage or paved a way towards progression and development in economic sense of the term. However, consequences also can be translated and laid emphasis to the good the bad and ugly features that market globalization have brought along. Nonetheless, the economic reality and humans wants also should be acknowledged, and the fact that no nation is self reliant and self sufficient. Moreover, in order to meet the ever increasing demands for goods and services, global corporation fits the bill accordingly in facilitating the societal needs in one aspect and form of life in the societal sphere. Hence, the notable face of the negative societal consequences from a comparative and contemporary context can be laid emphasis to the following: Environmental or Ecological consequences. Depreciating and depleting natural resources reserve. The question of sustainability Climatic effects that have worsened. The positive effects of market globalization are: Avenue for employment generation Facilitates economic cycle Technological advancement Good and services are made available Cultural growth Socio-political growth, etc. Thus, it can be argued that the societal consequences or the effect of market globalization translate itself to have redefined the way people do business in simple sense of the term, which can be look as a positive aspects. Economic demands in the regional and global economy taken together are ever increasing, and market of globalization facilitates in meeting these demands. In that effect, more of the resources are utilized. However, natural resources and the likes also deplete with increasing use, plus scarcity of resources, which is a known fact add up to the compounding negative societal consequences that is generated out of market globalization, which is pointed above. What are the firm levels Consequences of Market Globalization? We cant deny the facts that firms benefits tremendously from market globalization and its effect. Thus, the phenomenon of market globalization has added an object that can never be thought of or imagined without market globalization in the course of civilization. Thus, the positive features can be addressed to the following points: Marketing process is impacted Business process and its management also exudes international outlook Diversity of business process Cultural mix and global awareness Production tactics and its cycle also is impacted Standardization, quality or products and services. Brand image. And finally, market globalization means a widow of free trade barrier for companies across international borders. However, when it matter to negative aspects of globalization and its impact on firms the following are some of the pertinent facts: Competition is also greater among firms due to market globalization and its consequences. Barrier to entry and exit in a particular market or industry also posits one of the negative consequences of market globalization. Resource utilization also often goes above the shelf Thus, when it matter to firms and the level of consequence that stem from market globalization also translate itself into the negative and positive features as detailed above. Chapter 3 Explain the three types of participants in International Business? The three types of participants in international business constitute the following: Focal Firm Distribution Intermediaries Facilitators Focal Firm: What defines focal firm as one participants is the fact that, focal firm itself is looked upon as an initiator to international business in real sense of the term. It means that focal firms constitute Multination Enterprise, Small and Medium Enterprise, where the actual economic and production process take shapes. Thus focal firms are looked upon as the centre and stage of international business and its cycle at the primary level. Distribution Channel: Distribution channel intermediaries and their roles are consumed in facilitating the distribution cycle common to international trade and businesses. In simple sense and meaning of term, distribution channel intermediaries defines organization that specializes in the distribution channel, that is to say, logistic support, marketing etc, which are the sole constituent of distribution channel intermediaries. Facilitators: Third is the facilitators, and includes firms and individuals, where the object of their roles and functions as participants in international business is broadened and exemplified to facilitating legal advice, financing and in between the interrelated business transaction is made possible. Furthermore, participants also can includes, licensor, joint venture partners and the likes of foreign distributors, foreign agents and all in between. What are the common characteristics of Born Global firm? The common characteristics of Born Global firm can be laid emphasis to the following: Bounded by national boundaries with a scope for internationalization Expertise services and products in regional market Start-up corporation or small and medium sized organization Though market is defined in fixed national boundaries and operations is also often constituted and headquartered in one particular location, however; that does not means that their role in globalization and its economic process is limited in a sense. The idea of born global firm and in characteristic in particular can be laid emphasis to the object that internationalization and its impact is a favorable foreground for born global firms. That is to say, born global firms are very likely to make way and expand its business scope beyond the national boundaries, as and when it senses the opportunities knocking its doorway. Hence, born global firms defines regional organization that have set up shop in foreign shape simply by assimilating the idea of acquisition, partnership and creating subsidiaries, etc, in foreign location, however, are headquartered in regional market, or in location where they originated. Thus, the trends in the face of globalization initiates Small and Medium sized corporation to explore such domains that open up new horizon to do business in the international arena to tap the potentialities of international business. What are the Foreign Market Entry Strategies of Focal Firms? Explain in Detail. Foreign market entry strategies of Focal Firms is rather a complex features and step wisely strategies initiated by organizations with the sole purpose to tap the opportunities of internationalization in the most beneficial course. What defines focal firms foreign entry strategy can also be laid emphasis to the notion that going international is no child task and requires an extensive attention to details and understanding the peculiar facet of international business environment. In that context, the development of strategies when it matter to focal firm entry in foreign shores take into account the involvement in greater degree to what defines international management itself and the creation of networks that should assist the firm movement and its entry into foreign shores smoothly. Thus, focal firms bring internationalization right at the outset by establishing a connected links or channel of networks and building relationship with firms in the foreign shores. Thus, strategy in such course is at a nascent stage that does not involve control of production or the likes of direct intervention into the other firm, especially in matter of internal control. And most importantly, relationships that are building up with foreign firm take its course and position themselves from the notional boundaries and all form of exchanges also take shape in that forms and to position itself in different network or the moves towards continuous development processes that should a lso aid and future action to take shape in the most feasible forms. (Ford, 2003, p. 189) In short, strategy of focal firm entry into foreign market can be classified as follows: Entry is indirect, where its course takes shapes initially to build a network channel or a relationship that should get in the way for smooth transition and movements in the future. Strategies most importantly come as a matter for influence and to drive home the idea of foreign market entry in the most feasible means. Creating a relationship channels that can assists in future course of actions. Position themselves in foreign shores and also establishing new contacts and the likes. Thus, these are some of the strategies that covers up, or some aspects that detail the normative standards, when it matter to foreign market entry strategies of Focal Firms in its discourse.

Bureaucratic Management Essay

The concept of bureaucracy as a form of organization has become the basis for scholars and practitioners to determine and evaluate other forms of organizations. It is observed that whenever an organization is described, one always says it is either bureaucratic or non-bureaucratic. This paper will identify the characteristics of bureaucratic organizations and determine whether these characteristics are still present among organizations of today. This essay is outlined according to the following structure: The first part introduces the reader to Max Weber and his idea of the bureaucratic organization. The major characteristics of the bureaucracy will be presented and discussed in accordance with the original ideas propounded by Weber himself, either through his own writings or those who have exhaustively studied his works. The second part will be a discussion of why the bureaucratic forms developed, interpreted to mean a discussion of their causes as well as the reasons why the bureaucracy flourished as a model of an organization. The final part is a qualified assessment of whether the bureaucratic model of organizations is still being used by present-day organizations or whether organizations have outgrown it and have found the more effective form. Some examples will be given as to what organizational structures or forms are being used by modern organizations. From these will be determined if organizations are now in the post-bureaucratic period. Bureaucracy as a concept of organization was a contribution to theory attributable to either Karl Marx or Max Weber. However, since much of the writings of Karl Marx are more ideologically focused on the philosophical and social aspects, especially with his concept of revolutionary communism, Max Weber has come to be known as the proponent of the concept of bureaucracy. It is safe to believe at this point though, that Max Weber was highly influenced by the writings of Karl Marx and from whose ideas some his bureaucratic concepts are anchored. This essay will focus on the ideas advanced by Max Weber regarding the bureaucratic organization. The description â€Å"Weberian†, referring to his model of bureaucracy, has become a comfortable term to use in bureaucratic literature. Being the major contributor to social theory with his idea of the bureaucratic organization, Max Weber finds himself in major written works, proving his important place in social and political theory. The reasons for his importance are discussed in the Weber book edited by Sam Whimster entitled The Essential Weber: A Reader.   Some reasons provided are: the concept of the work ethic; the idea of rationality as applied to the capitalist enterprise, the bureaucratic organization, and legal systems; discipline; the legitimacy of power and leadership; a general theory of power based on the Marxist idea of social classes; among others.[1] Having said this, one wonders why Weber’s bureaucracy is considered the â€Å"ideal organization† or the â€Å"ideal-type† organization. What makes it become the model for future organizations? What are the main characteristics of the bureaucratic organization? To know these characteristics will help one understand why his model is considered to be an ideal model. The Main Characteristics of Bureaucratic Management The idea of bureaucracy elicits varied reactions from different people. Some agree with the idea of achieving order through its prescribed system of doing things. Others though condemn it for causing problems like delays, corruption, being too impersonal, etc.   In order to put all these in their proper perspective, a good starting point is to define the concept of bureaucracy. The first and most common word one comes across in literature related to bureaucracy is the word rationality. Quoting Weber, Neil Garston defines bureaucracy in the book Bureaucracy: Three Paradigms by way of the categories of rational legal authority.   Authority in this sense is equated to bureaucracy and involves the following: [2] 1. A continuous organization of official functions bound by rules 2. A specified fear of competence involving spheres of obligations marked by division of labor; incumbent being provided with authority to carry out functions; clearly defined means of compulsion 3. The organization of offices follows the principle of hierarchy 4. The rules which regulate the conduct of an office may be technical rules or norms 5. Administration is completely separated from ownership 6. Complete absence of appropriation of his position by the incumbent 7. Administrative acts, decisions and rules are formulated and recorded in writing. Garston goes on to describe the purely bureaucratic organization as â€Å"being from the technical point of view, capable of attaining the highest degree of efficiency and is in this sense the most rational means of carrying out imperative control of human beings.[3] From above description of bureaucracy, a rational organization for Weber is an organization that is governed by a system of rules and procedures. The rationality in his ideal organization is its capability to be efficient through methods of carrying out control over human beings. The aspects of being stable and reliable make the organization ideal. The rules which are observed with much discipline make the organization less prone to instability because there will be none or very little room for sudden changes which may result in the breakdown of the system. In short, Weber advocates an organization that is governed by rules which are universally and strictly followed by people who are qualified and properly trained. Below is a further explanation of the characteristics of a bureaucratic organization, as presented in the initial part of the essay: 1. A continuous organization of official functions bound by rules The application of rules is for everyone and the rules have to be complied with. Rules are applied irrespective of the position and not the person who occupies the position. 2. A specified sphere of competence involving spheres of obligations marked by division of labor; incumbent being provided with authority to carry out functions; clearly defined means of compulsion. Work is divided among the staff, each one with his own set of responsibilities as well as the means of doing them.   The different position titles reflect the nature of how work is divided among the staff, each position has corresponding obligations and responsibilities. 3. The organization of offices follows the principle of hierarchy The organization is characterized by positions of authority structured in a hierarchy, which means that, according to Weber, each lower office is controlled and supervised by a higher one. And consequently, there are positions that have more power. 4. The rules which regulate the conduct of an office may be technical rules or norms. This means that the organization is staffed by qualified people because only those who pass the standards get hired. The basis of both the selection and promotion of employees is the employees’ technical qualifications. As an example, in the specific area of HR, the Personnel Manual codifies the qualification criteria for the selection and hiring of employees. 5. Administration is completely separated from ownership 6. Complete absence of appropriation of his position by the incumbent Both characteristics refer to the aspect of separating administration from ownership in bureaucratic organizations. The means of administration do not belong to the bureaucrat but are concentrated at the top. Thus the position of the official cannot be sold or inherited and it cannot be appropriated and integrated in his private patrimony.[4] The means of production and  administration referred to include the physical equipment like computers, documents, buildings, etc. 7. Administrative acts, decisions and rules are formulated and recorded in writing.   Weber advocates the recording of rules and all acts of administration through written forms, which he referred to as â€Å"the files†. Weber uses the terms â€Å"rational† and â€Å"bureaucratic† in his model. From this, bureaucracy is sometimes called the bureaucratic rationality theory. An assessment of this idea was made by   Stanley Udy Jr. in the article â€Å"Bureaucracy and Rationality in Weber’s Organization Theory: An Empirical Study. The specifications made by Weber were reformulated as either â€Å"bureaucratic† or â€Å"rational† variables. The study proposed the positive and negative associations between the variables from a comparative analysis of 150 formal organizations in 150 non-industrial societies: â€Å"(a) bureaucratic variables are positively associated; (b) rational variables are positively associated; but (c) rational variables are negatively associated with bureaucratic variables†.[5]   This is interpreted to mean that there are certain characteristics of Weber’s bureaucracy that are considered rational, some are considered bureaucratic but not all of them are both bureaucratic and rational. This is really proof of how much dissected the bureaucratic theory is. How about the effect of bureaucracy to the people within the organization? The bureaucracy, with all its characteristic features, is seen as producing two views of the human outcomes, the positive and the negative views. According to the negative view, the bureaucratic form of organization stifles creativity, fosters dissatisfaction, and demotivates employees while in the positive view, bureaucracy provides the needed guidance and clarifies responsibilities, thereby easing role stress and helping individuals be and feel more effective.[6] The Development of Bureaucratic Forms In the writings of Weber, there were already indications of a bureaucratic organization as early as in the middle ages under the rule of the kings. Kings during that time ruled on traveled around ruling the country on horseback, bringing with them sometimes an army of men who took his orders. We have seen this scene fully documented in movies of ancient times where the king, with just a simple signal, can get his men to follow all his orders, from simple documentation to the complex instructions about going into battle. Weber saw this  as a sign of bureaucracy with his idea of the â€Å"bureau†. From this ancient practice developed the concept of the modern bureaucracy.   Presently though, the bureau as Weber described it is structured in a variety of ways, but the main idea of having staff and having an office still remains. Weber called the ancient practice as the â€Å"bureaucratization of the army†.[7] Weber’s works are dominated by the term â€Å"rationalization†. This seemed to have moved him to write about the bureaucratic model as an ideal type organization. According to him, this concept of rationality can help organizations achieve their objectives. The early theories and models of organizations, which are considered traditional, were highly criticized by Weber, saying they are either irrational or non-rational. Being a sociologist mainly, he believed that the use of religion or even magic in ruling is not effective. The traditional forms were not systematic and there were no rules, leaders only relied on feelings and supernatural explanations or perhaps their charisma. While Max Weber considered history to be a force in motivating him to write about bureaucracy, another author provides another dimension to how bureaucratic forms of  organizations developed. Contentions were made relative to Hegel’s Theory of Bureaucracy.   One is that Hegel’s theory is as comprehensive as Weber’s ideal type of bureaucratic organization in that the paradigm of Weber could fit in a reformulation of Hegel’s model.   A second contention made is that Hegel adapts the Aristotelian category of practical judgment to characterize the bureaucratic activity as subsumption. The Weberian concept of rationality is even helpful in the clarifying the difficulties in Hegel’s political thought. This leads to the third contention that Hegel’s model can contribute to a theory of bureaucracy that is more applicable to modern political and social reality.[8] This whole idea of comparing Hegel and Weber and even using the ideas of Aristotle proves that the bureaucracy is an idea that is not only forced by history but also one that is a natural way of organizations. The scholars and other students of bureaucracy only attempted to improve what has already been an idea and a model in the minds of the thinkers. Thus it can be said that the bureaucracy developed as a result of the need to improve the traditional methods of establishing the structures for organizations. While organizations were not really devoid of structure then, the weaknesses in their models became a motivation to come up with better models. The ideas of the bureaucracy were borne out of the need to make them more efficient by following the structure proposed by Weber. The presence of a system of rules governing administration is believed by Weber to be an important component of being able to run the affairs of the organization very smoothly. This is especially true among formal organizations as they are more applicable to them. Another reason is the need to do away with the subjectivity and personal biases governing human organizations. This means that when there are standardized rules, the  possibility of a lot of personal favors may be avoided. It is considered ideal to have the rules universally applied so that there are no personal biases that may arise. The â€Å"personalization† of the positions sometimes cause complex problems arising out of differences in perceptions and attitudes. The impersonal touch of organization is seen to be beneficial in order that rules may be universally applied more easily. The bureaucracy also developed further as it was seen to be continuously pertinent   .. even in today’s socioeconomic and cultural life. This is the position espoused in the book Max Weber and the New Century. The book advances the position that Weber’s ideas are still preeminent and continue to have lasting vitality within social theory. By applying them to topics of contemporary concern, they are expressed in different cultural forms. Sica calls the study of Weber’s works â€Å"a universe of Weberian analysis†.[9]   

Censorship in Huck Finn

Censorship and the Importance of Accurate Historical Sources Mark Twain's classic novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been criticized since the day it was released. A library in Concord MA banned the book only a month after it was put into print and other libraries and schools have followed suit (Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn). The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not the only story to be widely banned, but it is one of the most controversial and well known.Many people claim that the novel is racist due to the frequent use of racial slurs and the disrespect and mistreatment of the character Jim who is a runaway slave. Mark Twain's famous novel is not a racist text because it is a historical account of the south during the 1840s, when racism was commonplace. The book's purpose was to emphasize real life and mock the faults in human nature. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a young boy named Huckleberry Finn runs away from his life and travels down the Miss issippi River with his friend Jim, a runaway slave.The story follows Huck's moral growth and maturity throughout his many adventures and experiences. The major turning point of the book is when Huck realizes that Jim cares about him, and that he cares about Jim in return. As a child, Huck is taught that Jim isn't a person because of his skin color and that he does not deserve respect, but Huck discovers that Jim is a person and deserves more respect than most people Huckleberry met on his journeys. He comes to this decision because Jim cares for him and treats Huck better than his own father. Huck says â€Å"All right, then, I'll go to hell. when he decides to go against the racist teachings of his childhood and help Jim get his freedom (Twain 216-217). The book was written to show what life was like in the 1840s and successfully revealed the way people viewed each other and people of other races. In the beginning of the story, Huck treats Jim poorly because he is taught that Jim i sn't a real person and he could get away with it. One of the many tricks Huckleberry plays on Jim was hiding a snake in the cave they were living in, but the snake bites Jim and Huck realizes how cruel his trick was and begins to feel sorry for how he treats Jim (Twain 55).Events like this are the reason people believe that Mark Twain's book is racist, but without these examples the book's purpose is muddled and the historical reliability is gone. The book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is considered a controversial text because it contains derogatory language and examples of disrespectful behavior towards people of color. Speech and actions like the ones in the book were common in the setting of the book (Knab 1). People want to ban or edit the original text of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, because of these elements, but they still allow these remarks in other literary works.Fredric Douglass used the same language in his narrative that was published in 1845, forty years b efore Twain published The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, but people don't challenge his work because he was a slave and his story is a historical account of a slave's life (Bowker). The two stories are based in the same time, are about the same topic, and both aim to be realistic portrayals of everyday life in the 1840s, yet one is constantly challenged while the other is allowed to be as it is.People today are concerned with being â€Å"politically correct† and â€Å"non-offensive†, but they have reached the point where they are willing to change history to protect the feelings of certain people (Kay). If these â€Å"racist† remarks and actions were removed from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the message of the book would not be evident, its historical accuracy destroyed, and the book would just be a meaningless children's story. Censorship is useful to an extent, it allows people to keep mature information from children, but when it is used on history it takes away from the importance of knowing about and learning from the past.The reason racism is so important to avoid now is because of the negative effects it had in the past. If people don't learn about these effects, then they can not understand the importance of equality now. When books are censored, their historical accuracy is lost and they are unable to educate people on the importance of the past to modern-day (Kay). Without learning about the good, bad, and ugly of the past, people wont be able to comprehend why the world is the way it is and how they can avoid the mistakes of the past.If the offensive content of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is removed, then people will not be able to see the severity of racism during the 1840s (Bosman). If the book is censored, then the point where Pap starts ranting about the â€Å"injustice† of a well educated black man being able to vote will not have the impact it should, representing the opinion of the average white male in the south (Twain 28). The novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is seen as a masterpiece (Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) and a classic (Robert O'Meally) due to the original riting and arrangement. Without these elements, that people want to change, the book would not be as renowned or highly regarded. Although The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn may have some content that offends some people and they believe that it would be better to remove the offensive content, it would take away from the plot and meaning of the story. If the novel really offends someone, then they do not have to read it again or even finish reading it, but they do not have the right to change the words of someone else to suit their own ideals.The words of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were all carefully picked by Mark Twain to carry the message of his story and editing them would be defacing his hard work. Twain often complained about his proofreaders and editors changing his work (Kurut z). The book was written by Mark Twain and if he saw the need to add these controversial elements, then we should not interfere with his decision or his historical accuracy (Kay). Then novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not a racist text, nor is Mark Twain a racist himself.Mark Twain's novel was written as a historical account of life in the 1840s and as a result, any content that could be considered offensive to some is all added to make the literary work more realistic and a more accurate portrayal of life in the setting. Without these elements, the story of Huckleberry's moral growth would not be as developed and the message of the book will not be as prominent. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn should not be censored because the way the book is written provides an accurate account of life in the 1840s and without the writing staying as it is, the whole integrity of the work will be diminished.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is considered a classic because of how it was written. Changing the text changes the whole book and since the book is so highly regarded as it is, it should remain the same. When people claim that a book is racist, they make this assumption based on the content of the book. What people need to note is when the book is set, its publication date, and the purpose of the offensive content. With The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the story takes place in the 1840s when racism was very common.It also was published in 1885 when people in the United States were struggling with racism after the Civil War. The offensive content of the book is used to portray what life was like in the 1840s and to mock the behavior of the people of that time. When the book was written, language like that used in the text was still common and not seen as offensive as it does now. Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not racist, it just contains racist content, and this content makes the story what it is and develops its meaning.To take away this major element of the literary work to protect the feelings of some individuals would ruin the story and would hurt more people than it would help. To censor The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn would take away a valuable source of historical knowledge that allows us to see the importance of how our society has changed and developed. Without this knowledge, people will forget the importance of the progress humankind has made and will not be able to avoid the mistakes we have already made as a whole in the past.Because of these reasons, changing the great literary work of Mark Twain Is unnecessary because The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not a racist text and exposure to the harsh realities in the story will help the people of today to truly understand our past as a whole and improve our future. Works Cited Page Bosman, Julie. â€Å"Publisher Tinkers with Twain. † National Post. 4 Jan 2011. Print. Bowker, Gene. â€Å"Mark Twain, racism and Huckleberry Finn. à ¢â‚¬  Examiner. com. Web. 9 Feb 2013 ;http://www. examiner. om/article/mark-twain-racism-and-huckleberry-finn; Kay, Barbara. â€Å"We Shouldn't Censor History. † National Post. 10 Jan 2011. Print. Knab, Jakob. Racism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 2011. Print. Kurutz,, Steven. â€Å"A Twain Scholar Reacts to the New, Censored Version ‘Huckleberry Finn’. † National Post. 9 Jan 2011. Print. PBS. â€Å"Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. † Web. 9 Feb 2013 ;http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/literature/huck. html; Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Barnes and Noble, 2003. Print.